Methodology & data sources
How we calculate
Volume = area × depth, with every length converted to feet first. We report cubic yards, cubic feet, tons, and bag counts.
Compaction. Dense materials settle when tamped. To reach a finished depth we order the loose volume geometric ÷ (1 − settlement), where settlement is the fraction a material loses when compacted (0 for clean, rounded, non-compacting materials).
Waste. A default 10% covers spillage and uneven ground; you can change it.
Tons & coverage. Tons use each material's loose density in pounds per cubic yard. Coverage tables derive from the same density, so they always match the calculator.
We deliberately don't estimate delivery trips — bulk material is heavy, so we show total weight and let you match it to your vehicle's payload and GVWR.
Density assumptions & sources
Last verified 2026-06-02. Densities vary with moisture and source; values are planning estimates.